Borrowed Trust – Systematic Exploitation of Abandoned Cloud DNS Delegations to Serve Thai Gambling SEO Content

    Date: 06/15/2026   

    Severity: High

    Summary

    A large-scale SEO poisoning campaign is exploiting Azure DNS zone takeovers through abandoned cloud NS delegations. The threat actor hijacked orphaned DNS zones and hosted Thai-language gambling content under the trusted domains of 163 organizations across 30+ countries, including government agencies, healthcare providers, financial institutions, critical infrastructure, and universities. By leveraging Azure DNS, Next.js-based gambling kits, and valid Let’s Encrypt wildcard TLS certificates, the malicious pages appeared indistinguishable from legitimate enterprise websites. Researchers also identified a 103-node backend infrastructure in Hong Kong linked to a single Chinese operator, with 161 organizations remaining actively compromised at the time of publication.

    Indicators of Compromise (IOC) List

    Domains/URLs:

    broker-xm.com

    pub-a4952b46ff9c4f6b8d5529cd21f9a1e3.r2.dev

    /img/ib99-hq.ico

    ibiza99.autos

    big888.store

    seven77.click

    link99.nova555.rest

    appbox.7y6texmeyy.com

    appbox.devh5api27.xyz

    appbox.55u4g5g4k2.com

    99997778.com

    bevictor.com

    IP Address

    51.79.199.51

    139.99.82.106

    38.127.8.49

    38.173.30.0/24

    38.173.37.0/24

    38.173.56.0/24

    38.173.57.0/24

    38.173.235.0/24

    38.173.236.0/24

    38.173.239.0/24

    Hash : 

    d9799ca2f08af6992dc80c49f9889fef40ed27c7

    7df3d7cf3358af3f470ac7229387ef94

    Pixel ID

    322242757545449, 1607473696511298, 721331896825411

    GTM ID

    GTM-NP59MP3T

    Gurucul Threat Detection and Incident Response (TDIR) Queries for Detection

    Detection Query 1 :

    domainname like "broker-xm.com" or url like "broker-xm.com" or siteurl like "broker-xm.com" or domainname like "pub-a4952b46ff9c4f6b8d5529cd21f9a1e3.r2.dev" or url like "pub-a4952b46ff9c4f6b8d5529cd21f9a1e3.r2.dev" or siteurl like "pub-a4952b46ff9c4f6b8d5529cd21f9a1e3.r2.dev" or domainname like "/img/ib99-hq.ico" or url like "/img/ib99-hq.ico" or siteurl like "/img/ib99-hq.ico" or domainname like "ibiza99.autos" or url like "ibiza99.autos" or siteurl like "ibiza99.autos" or domainname like "big888.store" or url like "big888.store" or siteurl like "big888.store" or domainname like "seven77.click" or url like "seven77.click" or siteurl like "seven77.click" or domainname like "link99.nova555.rest" or url like "link99.nova555.rest" or siteurl like "link99.nova555.rest" or domainname like "appbox.7y6texmeyy.com" or url like "appbox.7y6texmeyy.com" or siteurl like "appbox.7y6texmeyy.com" or domainname like "appbox.devh5api27.xyz" or url like "appbox.devh5api27.xyz" or siteurl like "appbox.devh5api27.xyz" or domainname like "appbox.55u4g5g4k2.com" or url like "appbox.55u4g5g4k2.com" or siteurl like "appbox.55u4g5g4k2.com" or domainname like "99997778.com" or url like "99997778.com" or siteurl like "99997778.com" or domainname like "bevictor.com" or url like "bevictor.com" or siteurl like "bevictor.com"

    Detection Query 2 :

    dstipaddress IN ("51.79.199.51","139.99.82.106","38.127.8.49","38.173.30.0","38.173.37.0","38.173.56.0","38.173.57.0","38.173.235.0","38.173.236.0","38.173.239.0") or srcipaddress IN ("51.79.199.51","139.99.82.106","38.127.8.49","38.173.30.0","38.173.37.0","38.173.56.0","38.173.57.0","38.173.235.0","38.173.236.0","38.173.239.0")

    Detection Query 3 :

    md5hash IN (“7df3d7cf3358af3f470ac7229387ef94”)  

    Detection Query 4 :

    sha1hash IN (“d9799ca2f08af6992dc80c49f9889fef40ed27c7”)

    Reference:  

    https://cyble.com/blog/borrowed-trust-cloud-dns-takeover-thai-gambling-seo-poisoning/ 


    Tags

    Threat ActorExploitAzure ADGovernment Services and FacilitiesHealthcare and Public HealthFinancial ServicesGambling WebsitesEducationCritical InfrastructureHong KongSEO Poisoning

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